Prospects for the use of antimicrobial peptides as antihelicobacterial agents in pediatric practice
Abstract
Purpose – to analise of literature data on the prospects of using antimicrobial peptides.
The article presents a literature review antimicrobial peptides. We searched for published and unpublished research using Pubmed as the search engine by the key words: antimicrobial peptides, defensins, cathelicidins, children, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), antibiotic resistance taking into consideration studies conducted in the last 20 years, citation review of relevant primary and review articles, conference abstracts, personal files, and contact with expert informants. The criterion for the selection of articles for the study was based on their close relevance to the topic, thus out of 2256 analyzed articles, the findings of the researchers covered in 75 articles were crucial. An urgent task of modern scientific and practical medicine is to overcome resistance to the world's most common H. pylori infection. Resistance to the main antimicrobial drugs included in the first line of treatment is quite high. The presence of cross-antibiotic resistance and the direct association of H. pylori infection with the development of gastric and duodenal diseases in childhood have led to the urgency of this problem. It is with the increase in resistance of H. pylori to antibacterial drugs associated with the growth of diseases and complications caused by pathology of the gastroduodenal area, and hence — a significant increase in treatment costs, which is not only medical but also socio-economic problem. Therefore, antimicrobial peptides, which can replace traditional antibacterial drugs, are considered a new class of anti-infectives today. The most promising developments in this direction are the study of the antibacterial effect of endogenous antimicrobial peptides.
The main attention is paid to the clinical role of the recently described antimicrobial factors — difensins and cathelicidins, which are endogenously synthesized by neutrophils and many epithelial cells of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract. The range of their action is quite wide — antioxidant, antihypertensive, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antitumor, immunoregulatory. In particular, H. pylori infection leads to a significant induction of β-defensins, which play a key role in the immune response of the gastrointestinal epithelium to H. pylori infection, affecting and activating the adaptive immune system. Although most antimicrobial peptides are directly synthesized in their active forms, posttranslational modification is required to perform their functions. Some drugs of antimicrobial peptides are already used in clinical practice.
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