Perinatal programming of hypertension and obesity in children
Abstract
Numerous data on the effect of perinatal risk factors on the development of arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity in children have been accumulated. Identification and elimination of these factors makes it possible to prevent hypertension and obesity in children.
Objective: to determine the role of perinatal risk factors for development of hypertension and obesity in children aged 10–18 years.
Materials and methods. The study involved 218 overweight / obese children aged 10–18 years. They were divided into two groups according to blood pressure parameters: Group I — 108 children with hypertension, Group II — 110 children with normal blood pressure. To identify perinatal risk factors, the mothers were surveyed.
Results. Prematurely born and children with low birth weight as compared with children born at term had higher body mass index (31.6±0.82 and 31.6±0.83 vs. 28.8±0.30), with waist circumference (99.8±2.60 and 100.2±2.42 vs. 89.1±0.87 cm), and systolic blood pressure (150.1±5.02 and 154.5±4.47 vs. 134.6±2.29 mm Hg). More pronounced degree of obesity, in particular, abdominal, as well as higher systolic blood pressure was registered in children who were bottle-fed, breast-fed for less than 6 months and in children who received early dietary supplements. Among maternal risk factors, hypertension and passive smoking during pregnancy were identified.
Conclusions. Hypertension and obesity development in children have been influenced by such risk factors as maternal hypertension, passive smoking during pregnancy, intrauterine fetus growth retardation, premature birth, artificial feeding and early feeding in the first year of life.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee (LEC) of institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
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