Comparative analysis of oropharyngeal microbiocenosis in children with atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma

Abstract

It is difficult to overestimate the role of microbiota for human health. The microbiota affects the development of immune cells and immune responses, and the composition of the oral microbiota can contribute to sensitization and the development of additional reactions.

Aim - to qualitatively and qualitatively characterize the microflora of the oropharyngeal biotope in children with bronchial asthma (BA) and atopic dermatitis (AD).

Materials and methods. 11 people with AD and 15 children with partially controlled BA during the period of exacerbation of mild and moderate severity aged 9-17 years were examined. To assess the oropharyngeal biota, sputum culture was used on living media. The quantitative count of bacteria was expressed as the number of colonies of microorganisms in colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g).

Results. Children with AD were carriers of staphylococci: 54.54% α-hemolytic and 45.45% - β-hemolytic and S. aureus in 36.36%. In 80% of patients with asthma, α-hemolytic streptococci dominated in combination with a greater by weight. autochthonous microorganisms: Corynebacterium spp., Branhamella spp., Moraxella spp. Thus, staphylococci and hemolytic streptococci were constant for the biotopes of the oropharynx of children with AD and BA. The study groups differed in the composition of secondary microorganisms: in AD - Streptococcus spp. with β-hemolysis, E. coli, and Candida spp., in BA - representatives of the autochthonous microflora (Streptococcus spp. with β-hemolysis, Moraxella spp., Corynebacterium spp.). The variability of the species composition of the oropharynx biota in patients with AD was almost twice as high as the similar biota replaced with BA.

Conclusions. Determining the microbial associations of the oropharynx in patients with AD and BA, establishing their trigger role and the impact on the course of these diseases in children is a new direction in understanding the risk factors for the development of allergies and chronic inflammation, as well as possible therapeutic goals. In this pathology, staphylococci and α-hemolytic streptococci are determined to be constant for the oropharyngeal biotopes of children. The variability of the species composition of oropharyngeal biota in patients with AD was almost twice as high as that of patients with BA.

The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution. Informed parental consent was obtained for participation in the study.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.