Protection against poliomyelitis in children with primary immunodeficiency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/SP.2025.7(151).3339Keywords:
primary immunodeficiency, vaccination, children, replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin, antibodies to poliovirusAbstract
The polio virus has been almost completely eliminated worldwide due to the widespread use of the oral polio vaccine. However, in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID), protection after vaccination may be absent, which poses a threat of developing the disease. .
Aim - to study the status of protection against poliomyelitis in patients with PID in order to improve immunization approaches.
Materials and methods. Determination of total levels of antibodies against polioviruses was carried out in 53 children with PID and 25 immunocompetent children of the control group. Children with congenital immunodeficiencies were divided into two groups: 21 children with PID with preserved antibody production function and 32 children with PID with severe antibody deficiencies or combined immunodeficiencies, who received regular replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin.
Results. The majority (66.7%) of PID patients with preserved antibody production function had protective levels of specific antibodies against poliomyelitis, which was comparable to 60,0% of poliovirus-protected children in the control group. Only 37.5% of PID children receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy had protective pretransfusion levels of poliomyelitis antibodies.
Conclusions. Vaccination of children with PID with inactivated polio vaccine is important for the formation of a protective level of immunity in children with preserved antibody production function. Most children with severe hypogammaglobulinemia on replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin have insufficient immune protection against polio at the time of the next dose of immunoglobulin, which requires optimization of the dose and regimen of the drug.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of an institution. For each child, the informed consent of its mother to participate in the study was obtained.
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