The role of sensitization to aeroallergens and its determination in children with asthma in Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/SP.2024.6(142).1519Keywords:
asthma, aeroallergens, skin prick tests, childrenAbstract
Asthma is a very common respiratory disease in the world. In particular, asthma has a great impact on the health of children. In this study, the distribution of sensitization among children with asthma has been analyzed.
The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of sensitization among children with asthma in the Ukrainian population.
Materials and methods. The study involved patients (n=98) with asthma aged from 12 to 18 years (median 6 (3;10)). During the examination, children underwent skin prick testing for common aeroallergens. A positive skin prick test was defined as a blister ≥3 mm in diameter after 15 minutes.
Results. Among 98 patients, skin testing with aeroallergens showed a positive result in 76 (77.6%) people: 18 (18.4%) had positive skin testing for at least one allergen, and 58 (59.2%) had polysensitization. Among those sensitized children, 54 (55.1%) were sensitive to pollen allergens, 29 (29.6%) patients were sensitive to cats, 32 (32.6%) to dogs, 30 (30.6%) to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 27 (27.6%) to Dermatophagoides farinae, and 10 (10.2%) to Alternaria.
Conclusion. The most important inhalant allergens for patients with bronchial asthma are pollens (trees, grasses, and weeds), house dust mites, molds, and animal dander. Identifying causative allergens allows for monitoring allergy triggers and determining which asthma patients will be candidates for allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). Today, most children with asthma do not receive ASIT because of the lack of awareness at the primary care level, a lack of testing for aeroallergen sensitization, and financial inaccessibility of examination and treatment in Ukraine.
The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of these institutions. The informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the research.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
References
Agache I, Ryan D, Rodriguez MR, Yusuf O, Angier E, Jutel M. (2013). Allergy management in primary care across European countries - actual status. Allergy. 68(7): 836-843. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12150; PMid:23735183
Antypkin YuH, Volosovets OP. (2020). Air pollution and health of children in Ukraine. Ukrainian Journal of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 3(83): 31-39. https://doi.org/10.15574/PP.2020.83.31
Antypkin YuH, Volosovets OP, Maidannik VG, Berezenko VS, Moiseenko RA, Vygovskaya OV et al. (2018). Child health status - the future of the country (part 2). Child's health. 13(2): 142-152. https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.13.2.2018.129546
Casale TB, Pedersen S, Rodriguez Del Rio P, Liu AH, Demoly P, Price D. (2020). The Role of Aeroallergen Sensitization Testing in Asthma Management. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice. 8(8): 2526-2532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.07.004; PMid:32687905
Custovic A, Custovic D, Fontanella S. (2024). Understanding the heterogeneity of childhood allergic sensitization and its relationship with asthma. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. 24(2): 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000967; PMid:38359101 PMCid:PMC10906203
Custovic A, de Moira AP, Murray CS, Simpson A. (2023). Environmental influences on childhood asthma: Allergens. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 34(2): e13915. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13915; PMid:36825741
GINA. (2023). Global Initiative for Asthma. Methodology. Fontana, Global Initiative for Asthma. URL: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/GINA-2023-Pocket-Guide-WMS.pdf.
Martinez FD. (2019). Childhood Asthma Inception and Progression: Role of Microbial Exposures, Susceptibility to Viruses and Early Allergic Sensitization. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 39(2): 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2018.12.001; PMid:30954166 PMCid:PMC6613822
N ational Asthma Education and Prevention Program. (2007). Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma-Summary Report 2007. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 120; 5 Suppl: S94-S138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.043; PMid:17983880
Niespodziana K, Borochova K, Pazderova P, Schlederer T, Astafyeva N, Baranovskaya T et al. (2020). Toward personalization of asthma treatment according to trigger factors. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 145(6): 1529-1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.001; PMid:32081759 PMCid:PMC7613502
Oksel C, Custovic A. (2018). Development of allergic sensitization and its relevance to paediatric asthma. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. 18(2): 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000430; PMid:29389732
Papadopoulos NG, Miligkos M, Xepapadaki P. (2022). A Current Perspective of Allergic Asthma: From Mechanisms to Management. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. 268: 69-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2021_483; PMid:34085124
Pongracic JA, Krouse RZ, Babineau DC, Zoratti EM, Cohen RT, Wood RA et al. (2016). Distinguishing characteristics of difficult-to-control asthma in inner-city children and adolescents. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 138(4): 1030-1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.059; PMid:27720017 PMCid:PMC5379996
Silverwood RJ, Rutter CE, Mitchell EA, Asher MI, Garcia-Marcos L, Strachan DP et al. (2019). Are environmental risk factors for current wheeze in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three due to reverse causation? Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 49(4): 430-441. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13325; PMid:30508327 PMCid:PMC6487816
Volosovets О, Bolbot Y, Beketova G, Berezenko V, Umanets T, Rechkina O et al. (2021). Allergic march in children of Ukraine. Medicni Perspektivi. 26(4): 181-188. https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.4.248227
Volosovets OP, Bolbot YK, Kryvopustov SP, Mozyrska OV, Kryvopustova MV, Prokhorova MP, Kupkina AV. (2020). Bronchial asthma in children of Ukraine: medical and environmental parallels of morbidity and prevalence. Medicni Perspektivi. 25(3): 184-191. https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2020.3.214861
Volosovets OP, Kryvopustov SP, Mozyrskaya OV, Skvarskaya OO, Saltanova SD, Yemets OV, Karulina YuV. (2018). Post-chornobyl trends in the prevalence of diseases and incidence of the children's population in Ukraine. World of medicine and biology. 2(64): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2018-2-64-15-24
Volosovets OP, Kryvopustov SP, Volosovets TM, Abaturov OE, Kryuchko TO. (2019). Changes in health status of child population of Ukraine after Chernobyl catastrophe. Wiadomości Lekarskie. LXXII(10): 1974-1976. https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek201910123; PMid:31982025
Volosovets O, Vyhovska O, Kryvopustov S, Mozyrska O, Yemets O, Volosovets A, Feleszko W. (2023). Problems of providing medical care to children of Ukraine as a result of russian aggression. Child's health. 18(3): 157-161. https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.18.3.2023.1578
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Modern pediatrics. Ukraine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The policy of the Journal “MODERN PEDIATRICS. UKRAINE” is compatible with the vast majority of funders' of open access and self-archiving policies. The journal provides immediate open access route being convinced that everyone – not only scientists - can benefit from research results, and publishes articles exclusively under open access distribution, with a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 international license (СС BY-NC).
Authors transfer the copyright to the Journal “MODERN PEDIATRICS. UKRAINE” when the manuscript is accepted for publication. Authors declare that this manuscript has not been published nor is under simultaneous consideration for publication elsewhere. After publication, the articles become freely available on-line to the public.
Readers have the right to use, distribute, and reproduce articles in any medium, provided the articles and the journal are properly cited.
The use of published materials for commercial purposes is strongly prohibited.
