Peculiarities of the state of local immune in children with inflammatory auditory tube
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/SP.2023.134.119Keywords:
local immunity, inflammation of the auditory tube, children, oropharyngeal secretion, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitorAbstract
Purpose - to find the factors of local immunity in secret in the region of the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube (SPOAT) in normal conditions and in the inflammatory process; а compare indicators of local immunity in SPOAT and oropharyngeal secretion (OPS).
Materials and methods. In the ENT department of the National Children’s Specialized Hospital “OKHMATDYT” were examined 38 children from 2.5 to 15 years old, 27 of them with inflammation of the auditory tube (IAT) and 11 patients without inflammation of the auditory tube (control group). Radial immunodiffusion was used to detect the level of immunoglobulins (Ig) A, E, M, G, secretory and the IgA monomer in SPOAT and OPS. The level of cytokines and lactoferrin was determined by enzyme immunoassay using a Stat-Fax 2100 reader (USA).
Results. It was found that in children with IAT, the concentration of secretory IgA in the SPOAT was lower, the level of lactoferrin was lower, the level of IgG was higher, and total IgE was three times lower than in children of the control group. The concentration of γ-interferon in SPOAT in children of the control group was 7 times higher than in children with IAT. It has been found that delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the development of IAT in children are not significant. The concentration of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitors (SLPI) in SPOAT in sick children was almost 10 times higher than in the control group. At the same time, in the OPS, the content of SLPI in healthy children was within 37.6 pg/ml, and in children with IAT, the average content of SLPI was 7.6 pg/ml.
Conclusions. A comprehensive study of immune defense factors at the local and systemic levels in children with IAT was carried out. The protective role of IgE in healthy donors, the importance of lactoferrin and SLPI were revealed. The concentration of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1, 8, IgG, tumour necrosis factor α) can increase near the focus of inflammation, which indicates a high content of reaginic antibodies in the SPOAT of practically healthy children and can be determined as a protective element, which is a new immunodiagnostic test. Significant differences in the content of γ-interferon and SLPI were revealed.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
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