A clinical case of infantile papular acrodermatitis or Gianotti-Crosti syndrome

Abstract

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is a kind of infectious exanthem. That is characterized by the appearance of monomorphic papules, which colour may be from the skin colour to pink-red ones. The most typical location is on the face, buttocks and extensor surfaces of the limbs. Over time, the rash disappears spontaneously and the medical treatment becomes symptomatic. Currently, the pathophysiological changes are not still thoroughly studied. It is clear that the syndrome represents an immunological response to the previous viremia and bacteraemia; perhaps, it is the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.

Purpose - to acquaint doctors with criteria of the papular acrodermatitis for a timely diagnostic and a correct treatment strategy.

Clinical case. There was a described clinical case of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome in a child of 2. The parents had complained about rashes on the face, limbs, buttocks for 6 weeks. The severe restlessness and itching of the skin had been present. During the whole time, the child was examined by various specialists. Alternative diagnoses were: an atopic dermatitis, a food allergy, a worm infestation. The child was prescribed local zinc-containing agents, systemic and local glucocorticosteroids, antiviral drugs, antibacterial therapy, antihistamines, sorbents, probiotics and a three-time course of deworming in the process of the treatment. The treatment have not had a positive therapeutic effect.

Conclusions. Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is most common in childhood. At present, we consider it a self-limited disease that does not require specific treatment.  Recent studies proved that the syndrome is more commonly associated with a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens. However, insufficient knowledge of papular acrodermatitis may lead to groundless and continuous examinations and treatment of children.

The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.

No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.