The results of Bacillus spp. bacteria usage in the form of a spray in the treatment of acute viral tonsillopharyngitis in children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/SP.2022.127.117Keywords:
bacteria Bacillus spp., children, acute viral tonsillopharyngitis, microbiomeAbstract
Purpose - to determine the results of the use of bacteria of the genus Bacillus spp. in the form of a spray (Bioplasmix spray for throat) in the treatment of the children with acute tonsillopharyngitis.
Materials and methods. An open, randomized, controlled, post-registration study was conducted among 60 children aged 3-17 years diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), acute tonsillopharyngitis, who were treated in the clinic of pediatric infections of the Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv. Children were divided into two groups - main and control. The control group consisted of 30 children who received treatment in accordance with the local protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, and the main group consisted of 30 children who received in addition to the protocol treatment the prophylactic and hygienic agent Bioplasmix throat spray 2-3 injections 3-4 times a day. Bacterial etiology of tonsillopharyngitis was excluded using the McIsaac diagnostic scale. The study involved children with acute viral tonsillopharyngitis, who had 0-2 points on this scale.
The results of the pilot observation indicate a positive effect of the drug Bioplasmix Throat Spray on the course of acute viral tonsillopharyngitis in children. This effect was manifested by a reduction in the time of normalization of the main clinical symptoms, such as fever, sore throat and inflammation of the oropharyngeal mucosa. It should be noted that during the observation period, no adverse reactions were registered in patients who used Bioplasmix Throat Spray, which confirms the high safety profile of the drug and indicates its good tolerability.
Conclusions. The use of probiotic bacteria Bacillus spp. (Bioplasmix throat spray) helps to reduce the viral load and eliminate the pathogen, destroy bacterial biofilms, antagonistically displace bacteria, in particular staphylococcus, facilitates the course of ARVI and accelerates the recovery of patients without the development of bacterial complications.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
References
Awano S, Ansai T, Takata Y, Soh I, Akifusa S, Hamasaki T et al. (2008). Oral Health and Mortality Risk from Pneumonia in the Elderly. J. Dent Res. 87: 334-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700418; PMid:18362314
Babina K, Salikhova D, Polyakova M, Svitich O, Samoylikov R, Ahmad El-Abed S, Zaytsev A, Novozhilova N. (2022). The Effect of Oral Probiotics (Streptococcus Salivarius k12) on the Salivary Level of Secretory Immunoglobulin A, Salivation Rate, and Oral Biofilm: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 14 (5): 1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051124; PMid:35268099 PMCid:PMC8912462
Bosch AA, Levin E, van Houten MA. (2016). Development of upper respiratory tract microbiota in infancy is affected by mode of delivery. EBioMedicine. 9: 336-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.031; PMid:27333043 PMCid:PMC4972531
Centor RM, McIsaac W. (2022). Centor Score (Modified/McIsaac) for Strep Pharyngitis. URL: https://www.mdcalc.com/calc/104/centor-score-modified-mcisaac-strep-pharyngitis.
Chrysanthakopoulos NA. (2016). Correlation between Periodontal Disease Indices and Lung Cancer in Greek Adults: a Case - Control Study. Exp. Onc. 38 (1): 49-53. https://doi.org/10.31768/2312-8852.2016.38(1):49-53; PMid:27031720
Deo PN, Deshmukh R. (2019). Oral microbiome: Unveiling the fundamentals. Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology. 23 (1): 122. https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_152_19; PMid:31942127 PMCid:PMC6948042
Di Pierro F. (2020). A possible probiotic (S. salivarius K12) approach to improve oral and lung microbiotas and raise defenses against SAR S-CoV-2. Minerva Med. 111 (3): 281-283. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4806.20.06570-2; PMid:32255312
Duanis-Assaf D, Steinberg D, Shemesh M. (2020). Efficiency of Bacillus subtilis metabolism of sugar alcohols governs its probiotic effect against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans, Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 48: 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2020.1822855; PMid:32955386
Earl AM, Losick R, Kolter R. (2008). Ecology and genomics of Bacillus subtilis. Trends Microbiol. 16: 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2008.03.004; PMid:18467096 PMCid:PMC2819312
Gajdhar SK, Gajdhar S, Wali O. (2019). Diversity of oral microflora in oral and systemic diseases: A brief review. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences. 8 (6): 12-16.
Gao M, Wang H, Luo H, Sun Y, Wang L, Ding S et al. (2021). Characterization of the Human Oropharyngeal Microbiomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Recovery Patients. Adv. Sci. 8: 2102785. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202102785; PMid:34423593 PMCid:PMC8529429
George S, Aguilera X, Gallardo P, Farfán M, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Vidal R, O'Ryan M. (2022). Bacterial Gut Microbiota and Infections During Early Childhood. Front Microbiol: 793050. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.793050; PMid:35069488 PMCid:PMC8767011
Hong JE, Kye YC, Park SM et al. (2019). Alveolar Macrophages Treated With Bacillus subtilis Spore Protect Mice Infected With Respiratory Syncytial Virus A2. Front. Microbiol. Sec. Virology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00447; PMid:30930867 PMCid:PMC6423497
Hooks KB, O'Malley MA. (2017). Dysbiosis and Its Discontents. mBio. 8(5): e01492-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01492-17; PMid:29018121 PMCid:PMC5635691
Iebba V, Zanotta N, Campisciano G et al. (2021). Profiling of Oral Microbiota and Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients. Front Microbiol. 30; 12: 671813. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.671813; PMid:34394024 PMCid:PMC8361794
Kalpana BJ, Aarthy S, Pandian SK. (2012). Antibiofilm activity of α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis S8-18 against biofilm forming human bacterial pathogens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 167 (6): 1778-1794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9526-2; PMid:22350933
Kaul D, Rathnasinghe R, Ferres M, Tan G et al. (2019, May 17). Microbiome disturbance and resilience dynamics of the upper respiratory tract in response to influenza A virus infection in analog hosts. Biorxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/325324
Kovalenko NI ta in. (2021). Normalna mikroflora ta mikroflora pry patolohichnykh protsesakh porozhnyny rota. Metod. vkaz. dlia studentiv II-III kursiv za spetsialnostiamy «Medytsyna», «Pediatriia», «Stomatolohiia» osvitno-kvalifikatsiinoho rivnia «Mahistr». Uporiad. N.I. Kovalenko. Kharkiv: KhNMU: 52.
Lefevre M, Racedo SM, Ripert G et al. (2015). Probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis CU1 stimulates immune system of elderly during common infectious disease period: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Immun Ageing. 12: 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-015-0051-y; PMid:26640504 PMCid:PMC4669646
Nikolaienko V. (2017). Ymmunomodulyruiushchye svoistva probyotykov na osnove Bacillus subtilis: perspektyvi klynycheskoho prymenenyia. Zdorov'ia dytyny. 12; 2.
Peterson CT, Sharma V, Elmén L, Peterson SN. (2015). Immune homeostasis, dysbiosis and therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiota. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 179 (3): 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.12474; PMid:25345825 PMCid:PMC4337670
Qian Y, Yuan W, Mei N, Wu J, Xu Q, Lu H, Wang X. (2020). Periodontitis increases the risk of respiratory disease mortality in older patients. Exp Gerontol. 133: 110878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.110878; PMid:32061644
Ramlucken U, Lalloo R, Roets Y, Moonsamy G, van Rensburg CJ, Thantsha MS. (2020). Advantages of Bacillus-based probiotics in poultry production. Livest Sci. 241: 104215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104215
Savustianenko AV. (2016). Mekhanyzmi deistvyia probyotykov na osnove Bacillus subtilis. Aktualna infektolohiia. 2: 35-44.
Shyrobokov VP ta insh. (2021). Medychna mikrobiolohiia, virusolohiia ta imunolohiia. Pidruchnyk dlia stud. vyshchykh med. navch. zakladiv. Za red. Shyrobokova V.P. 3-tie vyd., onovl. ta dopov. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha: 333-354. ISBN 978-966-382-874-9.
Starosila D, Rybalko S, Varbanetz L, Ivanskaya N, Sorokulova I. (2017). Anti-influenza Activity of a Bacillus subtilis Probiotic Strain. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 61: 7. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00539-17; PMid:28416546 PMCid:PMC5487639
Sydorchuk LI, Mikhieiev AO, Havryliuk OI, Dzhuriak VS, Sydorchuk II. (2022). Osoblyvosti destabilizatsii mikrobioma porozhnyny rota za lakunarnoi anhiny v ditei. Visnyk stomatolohii: 43; 1: 118.
Zeng XT, Xia LY, Zhang YG, Li S, Leng WD, Kwong JS. (2016). Periodontal Disease and Incident Lung Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. J Periodontol. 87 (10): 1158-1164. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2016.150597; PMid:27294431
Zupancic K, Kriksic V, Kovacevic I, Kovacevic D. (2017). Influence of Oral Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on Ear and Oral Cavity Health in Humans: Systematic Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 9 (2): 102-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9261-2; PMid:28236205
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Modern pediatrics. Ukraine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The policy of the Journal “MODERN PEDIATRICS. UKRAINE” is compatible with the vast majority of funders' of open access and self-archiving policies. The journal provides immediate open access route being convinced that everyone – not only scientists - can benefit from research results, and publishes articles exclusively under open access distribution, with a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 international license (СС BY-NC).
Authors transfer the copyright to the Journal “MODERN PEDIATRICS. UKRAINE” when the manuscript is accepted for publication. Authors declare that this manuscript has not been published nor is under simultaneous consideration for publication elsewhere. After publication, the articles become freely available on-line to the public.
Readers have the right to use, distribute, and reproduce articles in any medium, provided the articles and the journal are properly cited.
The use of published materials for commercial purposes is strongly prohibited.
