Violent head trauma in infants, or the shaken baby syndrome: pediatric aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/SP.2022.122.55Keywords:
violent head trauma, diagnosis, infantsAbstract
The article is devoted to the problem unfamiliar to medicians, lawyers and forensic doctors - «the shaken baby syndrome». Today this condition is called «violent head trauma». Violent head trauma in newborns is a variant of the child abuse syndrome and is associated with high mortality and impaired child development not only in early age, but also in later life, it affects the quality of life of children and their families. The social and psychological causes of violence against infants, the mechanisms of trauma received in the framework of the likelihood of child abuse are described. An integrated management according to the established degree of probability of child abuse is proposed. Particular attention is paid to modern diagnostic methods in the article. With violent head trauma in infants, as a rule, there are no signs of external trauma, and the clinical symptoms are characterized by wide variability. That is why the main diagnostic methods are neuroimaging (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, neurosonography), x-ray examination of the skeleton, examination by an ophthalmologist.
The diagnosis is established by the presence of classic symptoms of shaken infants: subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages, bilateral retinal hemorrhage, diffuse brain damage. An assessment of the probability of violent head trauma as a cause of acute intracranial trauma in infants is presented.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
References
Ariaiev ML. (2015). Sindrom zhorstokogo povodzhennia z dytynoiu v neonatologії ta pedіatrії: bіoetichnі problemy ta psihonevrologіchnі naslіdky. Zhurnal NAMN Ukrainy. 21 (3-4): 357-366.
Caffey J. (1974). The Whiplash shaken infant syndrome: manual shaking by the extremities with whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleedings, linked with residual permanent brain damage and mental retardation. Pediatrics. 54 (4): 396-403. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.54.4.396; PMid:4416579
Chevignard MP, Lind K. (2014). Long-term outcome of abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol 44: 548-558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3169-8; PMid:25501726
Choudhary AK, Servaes S, Slovis TL et al. (2018). Consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children. Pediatr Radiol. 48 (8): 1048-1065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-018-4149-1; PMid:29796797
Christian CW, Block R. (2009). Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect; American Academy of Pediatrics. Abusive head trauma in infants and children. Pediatrics. 123 (5): 1409-1411. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0408; PMid:19403508
Hung KL. (2020). Pediatric abusive head trauma. Biomed J. 43 (3): 240-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.008; PMid:32330675 PMCid:PMC7424091
Hutel KP, Armijo-Garcia, Musick M et al. (2021). Pediatric Brain Injury Research Network (Pedi BIRN) Inestigators. A Gluster Randomired Trialto Reduce Missed Abusine Head Trauma in Pediatric Intensive Care Settings. J Pediatr. 236: 260-268.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.03.055; PMid:33798512
Iqbal O'Meara AM, Sequeira J, Miller Ferguson N. (2020). Advances and Future Directions of Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: A Review of the Literature. Front Neurol. 11: 118. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00118; PMid:32153494 PMCid:PMC7044347
Joyce T, Gossman W, Huecker MR. (2021). Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Jan. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.008; PMid:32330675 PMCid:PMC7424091
Kabinet Ministriv Ukrainy. (2018). Deiaki pytannia sotsialnoho zakhystu ditei, yaki perebuvaiut v skladnykh zhyttievykh obstavynakh, u tomu chysli takykh, shcho mozhut zahrozhuvaty zhyttiu ta zdoroviu. Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 03.10.2018 r. No. 800.
Kabinet Ministriv Ukrainy. (2019). Pro zatverdzhennia poriadku vzaiemodii subiektiv, shcho zdiisniuiut zakhody u sferi zapobihannia ta protydii domashnomu nasylstvu i nasylstvu za oznakoiu statti. Postanova kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 22.08.2019 r. No. 658.
Kemp AM, Jaspan T. (2011). Griffiths J Neuroimaging: what neuroradiologicalfeatures distinguish abusive from non-abusive head trauma? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child. 96 (12): 1103-1111. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-300630; PMid:21965812
Kukujuk TV, Gromakina EV, Basova GG. (2017). Fundamental'naja i klinicheskaja medicina. Glaznye simptomy. Osmotr specialista. 1: 97-101. https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2016-1-3-97-101
Lee WJ, Lim YC, Yoon SH. (2020). Abusive Head Traumas in 4 Infants. Korean J Neurotrauma. 16 (2): 246-253. https://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2020.16.e30; PMid:33163433 PMCid:PMC7607025
Lindberg DM. (2021). What Will it Take to Achieve Routine Screening for Abuse? The Journal of Pediatrics. 236: 10-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.05.038; PMid:34022246
Mokiia-Serbina SO, Chechel VV. (2021). Osoblyvosti nadannia medychnoi dopomohy postrazhdalym ditiam abo yaki ymovirno postrazhdaly vid domashnoho nasylstva. Mizhnarodnyi zhurnal pediatrii, akusherstva ta hinekolohii. 14 (1): 87-88.
MOZ Ukrainy. (2019). Pro zatverdzhennia Poriadku provedennia ta dokumentuvannia rezultativ medychnoho obstezhennia postrazhdalykh osib vid domashnoho nasylstva abo osib, yaki ymovirno postrazhdaly vid domashnoho nasylstva, ta nadannia yim medychnoi dopomohy. Nakaz MOZ Ukrainy vid 01.02.2019 r. No. 278.
Palusci VJ, Covington TM. (2014). Child maltreatment deaths in the U.S. National Child Death Review Case Reporting System. Child Abuse Negl. 38: 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.08.014; PMid:24094272
Pletenetska AO. (2019). Sudovo-medychna otsinka syndromu strushenoi dytyny. Materialy Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii. 20: 178-181.
Porto L, Bartels, MB, Zwaschka J et al. (2021). Abusive head trauma: experience improves diagnosis. Neuroradiology. 63: 417-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-020-02564-z; PMid:33079214 PMCid:PMC7880981
Rumjancev AG, Dreval' ON, Feniksov VM. (2007). Sindrom «Shaken Baby»: diagnostika lechenie, profilaktika. Voprosy prakticheskoj pediatrii. 2: 23-29.
Serbanescu I, Brown SM, Ramsay D et al. (2009). Natural animal shaking: a model for non-accidental head injury in children? J Emerg Med. 37 (1): 92-97. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2008.6; PMid:18259203
Syrchin JeF, Razin MP. (2013). Sindrom «Shaken Baby» Detskaja hirurgija. 4: 44-46.
Tadtaeva ZG, Galustjan AN, Gromova OA i dr. (2021). Travma cherepa kak odna iz prichin razvitija subdural'noj gematomy u rebenka grudnogo vozrasta s glutarovoj aciduriej 1-go tipa: kratkij obzor literatury i klinicheskoe nabljudenie. Pediatrija. 100 (1): 278-293. https://doi.org/10.24110/0031-403X-2021-100-1-287-293
Togioka BM, Arnold MA, Bathurst MA еt al. (2009). Retinal hemorrhages and shaken baby syndrome: an evidence-based review. J. Emerg Med. 37 (1): 98-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.06.022; PMid:19081701
Tucker J, Choudhary, AK, Piatt J. (2016). Macrocephaly in infancy: benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces and subdural collections. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics PED. 18 (1): 16-20. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.12.PEDS15600; PMid:26942270
Van Karnebeek CDM et al. (2005). Etiology of mental retardation in children referred to tertiary care: a case study. Am J Ment Retard. 110: 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[253:EOMRIC]2.0.CO;2
Vester MEM, Bilo RAC, Loeve AJ et al. (2019). Modeling of inflicted head injury by shaking trauma in children: what can we learn?: Part I: A systematic review of animal models. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 15 (3): 408-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-019-00093-7; PMid:30784025 PMCid:PMC6687692
Zykov VV. (2018). Sudebno-medicinskie i klinicheskie aspekty diagnostiki sindroma «vstrjahnutogo rebenka». Vjatskij medicinskij vestnik. 1 (57): 65-67.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Modern pediatrics. Ukraine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The policy of the Journal “MODERN PEDIATRICS. UKRAINE” is compatible with the vast majority of funders' of open access and self-archiving policies. The journal provides immediate open access route being convinced that everyone – not only scientists - can benefit from research results, and publishes articles exclusively under open access distribution, with a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 international license (СС BY-NC).
Authors transfer the copyright to the Journal “MODERN PEDIATRICS. UKRAINE” when the manuscript is accepted for publication. Authors declare that this manuscript has not been published nor is under simultaneous consideration for publication elsewhere. After publication, the articles become freely available on-line to the public.
Readers have the right to use, distribute, and reproduce articles in any medium, provided the articles and the journal are properly cited.
The use of published materials for commercial purposes is strongly prohibited.
