Characteristics of lipid metabolism in adolescents with obesity and signs of metabolic syndrome

Abstract

One of the most important issues of modern medical science is the metabolic syndrome, the origins of which begin in childhood and adolescence. Diagnostic criterias for metabolic syndrome for children are developed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2007). It is known that atherogenic dyslipidemia is one of the main and early criteria of the metabolic syndrome and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic process and associated cardiovascular diseases. Due to the insufficient amount of information about the nature of dyslipidemia in adolescents and the possibilities for its correction and prevention, the study of this problem is relevant.

Purpose - to study the characteristics of lipid profile in adolescents with obesity and signs of metabolic syndrome.

Materials and methods. We examined 200 obese patients aged 14-18 years, who were divided into two groups: with and without metabolic syndrome according to current recommendations. The control group consisted of 30 adolescents with normal body weight of a similar age. To achieve the goal, all adolescents underwent a comprehensive examination with a focus on the lipid profile of blood using standardized methods in accordance with the IFCC recommendations on a Cormay Multi semi-automatic photometer. The level of β-lipoproteins in blood serum was determined by the turbidimetric method of Burstein M. and Samaille F.

Results. In adolescents with metabolic syndrome, signs of atherogenic dyslipidemia were found, manifested in the form of elevated levels of triglycerides, low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, β-lipoproteins, a tendency to decrease high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Reliable correlations were established in the lipid profile of the blood of the examined, and reliable relationships were determined between the indicators of atherogenic dyslipidemia and anthropometric measurements, which indicates an increased risk of lipid metabolic disturbances in individuals with abdominal obesity.

Conclusions. The results will help to focus the attention of practitioners regarding atherogenic dyslipidemia in adolescents with obesity and signs of metabolic syndrome, as well as contribute to early therapeutic intervention and prevention of consequences.

The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.

No conflict of interests was declared by the author.

Purpose - to study the main indicators of development and formation of the reproductive system of adolescent girls with gynecological pathology, born with a deficit of body weight.

Materials and methods. We examined 53 adolescent girls aged 13-18 years, who were divided into groups according to body weight at birth. Group 1 (main) - 26 girls born weighing less than 3000.0 grams. The second group (comparison) included 27 girls born with a body weight of 3000-3700.0 grams. The survey included analysis of anamnesis data, assessment of levels of physical and sexual development.

Results. The mean age of the subjects was 14.5±1.8 years [12.7; 16.3]. For girls who were born with low body weight, during puberty there was a lower dynamics of annual weight gain and average body weight compared to girls in group 2. In all age periods there was a significant lag in growth in the 1st group compared to the 2nd group. The growth deficit in 13-14 years was 3.5 cm, in 15-16 years - 3.7 cm, and in 17-18 years - 4.2 cm. The largest increase in the external size of the pelvis compared to the previous age period is observed in 15-16 years. In the 1st and 2nd groups of the transverse dimensions of the pelvis d.cristarum increases most intensively, slightly less - d.trochanterica. Analyzing the indicators of the main external dimensions of the pelvis, we can conclude that at the age of 13-14 and 15-16 years in girls of the 1st group, the size of the pelvis did not differ from the parameters in the 2nd group. However, in 17-18 years, all the external dimensions of the pelvis lagged behind the data in the 2nd group by an average of 1 cm, which indicates a tendency to form a narrow pelvis in girls born with low body weight. The average total score of sexual development in the 1st group in all studied age periods was significantly lower than in the 2nd.

Conclusions. For girls born with low body weight, there is a tendency to delay sexual development by the nature of pubic hair, but by the end of puberty, this feature is close to the parameters of peers born with normal body weight. Thus, by the age of 18, almost all girls born with normal body weight have a complete degree of secondary sexual characteristics, typical of women of childbearing age. While girls born with low body weight, there was a slowdown in the formation of secondary sexual characteristics in adolescence.

The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.

No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.