The features of bronchial asthma in depend on the comorbid pathology in preschool children
Keywords:
children, bronchial asthma, comorbidity, predictorsAbstract
Goal. Analysis of the prevalence and structure of asthma in preschool children with the comorbid pathology and determine the probable predictors of asthma formation.Materials and methods. For the period 2014–2019, 1500 patients from birth to 7 years with atopic pathology were examined. Depending on their age, the children were divided into groups: 1st group — 0–1 year (47 people), 2nd group — 1–3 years (297 people) and 3rd group — 3–7 years (1156 people). In the first stage, in order to fulfill this goal, we conducted an analysis of the prevalence and features of allergopathology formation in 501 children. In order to further accomplish this goal, a detailed analysis of the follow-up and anamnestic parameters was performed in children who reached the age of 7 years (6 years, 11 months, 30 days), which were divided into 3 groups.
Results. The most common pathology for children between the ages of 1 and 1 years is isolated recurrence wheezing (RW), which was observed in 24.5% of patients, followed by food allergy (FA), which was 17.96% and was mainly due to allergy to cow milk proteins (CMP) (74.44%), the third place was shared by persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) and combination of FA with atopic dermatitis (AtD) by 12.97%. Isolated asthma and asthma with high-frequency comorbid conditions are formed under the influence of the following factors: smoking in parents, difficult financial situation, intake of dydrogesterone and estradiol during pregnancy, frequent respiratory diseases and antibiotic year.
Conclusions. BA most often manifests at the age of 3–7 years (35.32%) and correlates with the presence in children of the first year of life the combination of RW+AR+AtD (71.42%). The most common comorbid condition in young children with BA is AR, this tendency persists in the future — 27.75% of children 3–7 years. Predictors of the development of asthma in preschool children are the presence of atopy in both parents (p=0.043), smoking of both parents (p=0.038), distress (p=0.031), hormonal support during pregnancy (p=0.027), antibiotic therapy (p=0.015) and frequent respiratory diseases (p=0.029) in the first year of life.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of an participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
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