Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine

Prospects for the use of standardized Lespedeza capitata extract in children with chronic kidney disease

2025-12-21T11:22:09+02:00

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a major clinical challenge due to its risk of progression to end-stage renal disease and resulting long-term morbidity.

Aim - to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and nephroprotective potential of standardized Lespedeza capitata extract as an adjunct to standard therapy in children with stage 2 CKD.

Materials and methods. An open-label, single-center, prospective study enrolled 118 children aged 7-17 years (mean age 11.3±0.24) with stage 2 CKD, defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m² and a morning urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) >30 mg/g. All patients received renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonists and standardized Lespedeza capitata extract (300 mg per capsule, three times daily with meals) for three months.

Results. After treatment, a significant reduction in ACR was observed (from 74.2±6.8 mg/g to 49.3±2.3 mg/g). Positive trends were also noted for eGFR (from 73.4±3.6 to 75.6±2.8 mL/min/1.73 m²) and serum urea (from 13.4±1.5 to 11.6±1.7 mmol/L). In patients receiving iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, hemoglobin and hematocrit improved after one month (117.2±2.4 g/L and 35.3±1.7%) and further increased after three months (124.1±3.6 g/L and 37.2±1.8%). Ejection fraction rose by 16% compared with baseline.

Conclusions. Standardized Lespedeza capitata extract demonstrated good efficacy, safety, and tolerability in children with stage 2 CKD. The reduction in ACR and stable eGFR support its potential nephroprotective effect in pediatric practice.

The study complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to participation.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Infection control in blood system establishments: approaches to ensuring infection safety for donors and recipients in Ukraine

2025-12-21T11:48:01+02:00

The national blood system is a key component of Ukraine’s healthcare system, ensuring the population’s access to safe and high-quality blood components in sufficient quantities, taking into account the risk of emergencies. Although the risk of donor infection during venipuncture is relatively low, it is important to adhere to infection prevention measures to avoid contamination through hands or equipment. Recipients are at risk of infection through transfusion of contaminated blood, which may result from violations during blood collection, screening, or storage of blood components.

Aim - to analyze the state of infection prevention and control (IPC) in the entities of Ukraine’s blood system.

Materials and methods. An online survey of 26 blood system entities was conducted in December 2021 and visits to three facilities (November 2021) were carried out to assess IPC practices. The assessment used a standard questionnaire consisting of 124 questions and including the following sections: general information about the blood system entity; administrative IPC control; blood screening and transportation; laboratory support; measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19; and quality management.

Results. Key areas for improving infection safety were identified, including the unification of the skin disinfection algorithm before venipuncture, improvement of hand hygiene, increased vaccination coverage (hepatitis B, influenza, COVID-19), staff training on IPC, simulation training on blood component traceability, analysis of the effectiveness of retrospective control systems, and donor engagement.

Conclusions. To prevent infections among donors, recipients, and medical staff, consistent implementation of infection safety measures is required at all stages - from collection and testing to storage and transfusion. The conducted analysis made it possible to identify existing gaps and determine key measures to strengthen infection safety within Ukraine’s blood system.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The use of Streptococcus salivarius K12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG in the treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis in children

2025-12-21T19:23:14+02:00

Aim - to investigate the effectiveness of a combined probiotic containing bacteria of the genus Streptococcus salivarius K12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG in the treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis in children.

Materials and methods. A randomized, controlled, open, post-registration study was conducted. The study included 58 children diagnosed with streptococcal tonsillitis aged 1 to 17 years, who underwent inpatient treatment. Children were divided into 2 groups by randomization using the random number method. The control group consisted of 29 children who received standard treatment and the main group consisted of 29 children who received a combined probiotic Baktoblis+Lacto in addition to the protocol treatment. The study used clinical, laboratory and statistical methods to process the results obtained.

Results. We obtained a positive effect when using Baktoblis+Lacto. It was manifested by accelerated normalization of fever (average duration in the main group - 2.0±0.61 days, in the control group - 2.5±1.1 days), sore throat (1.92±0.67 days vs. 4.0±1.14 days, respectively), tonsil deposits (2.7±0.79 days vs. 3.5±0.86 days, respectively) and lymphadenopathy (2.8±0.51 days vs. 3.52±0.76 days, respectively). The frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in the control group was higher than in patients of the main group (the average duration in the control group - 3.6±0.62 days, in the main group - 2.1±0.55 days).

Conclusions. The combined probiotic (Streptococcus salivarius К12 + Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG) in children with streptococcal tonsillitis promotes faster involution of disease symptoms and prevents the occurrence of AAD while taking antibiotics.

The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the paper. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.

Condition of newborns in women of different age groups giving birth for the first time

2025-12-21T19:39:53+02:00

Aim - to conduct a retrospective analysis of the condition of newborns in women of different age groups who are giving birth for the first time in order to determine the dependence of the frequency of perinatal complications on the age of the pregnant woman.Materials and methods. The perinatal consequences of childbirth were analyzed according to 154 birth histories of women giving birth for the first time, who were divided into groups according to age: the group I of the study 78 pregnant women aged 20-29 years, the group II - 76 pregnant women aged 30-40 years. Results. Іn the state of asphyxia, women giving birth for the first time in the group II (aged 30-40 years) had 4.3 times more newborns compared to women in the group I: in mild asphyxia 8 (10.5%) cases versus 3 (3.8%) cases; and moderate and severe asphyxia was observed only in women in the group II: 3 (3.9%) cases and 2 (2.6%) cases. Premature newborns in the group II were born significantly more - 9 (11.8%) cases versus 2 (2.6%) cases in the group I of the study; with fetal growth retardation syndrome (FGS) 11 (14.5%) cases versus 4 (5.1%) cases. In the group ІІ, posthypoxic encephalopathy and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome were diagnosed in 11 (14.5%) versus 3 (3.8%) cases in the group ІІ and 7 (9.2%) versus 1 (1.3%) cases, respectively. Conclusions. The increase in perinatal morbidity is directly correlated with the degree of perinatal risk in pregnant women giving birth for the first time at the age of 30 to 40 years, which is observed among such diseases of newborns as asphyxia, prematurity, fetal growth retardation syndrome, posthypoxic encephalopathy and respiratory distress syndrome

No conflict of interests was declared by the author.

Medical and social challenges in the management of children with autism spectrum disorders: the impact of somatic comorbidity on caregivers’ quality of life

2025-12-21T19:57:29+02:00

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are frequently accompanied by somatic comorbidities, among which functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and obesity have particular clinical significance. These conditions can exacerbate behavioral and metabolic disturbances in children, creating medical and social challenges that intensify the burden on families. Assessing caregivers’ quality of life (QoL) is an important integrative indicator reflecting the impact of the child’s medical problems on the psychological and social functioning of the family.

Aim - to evaluate the impact of somatic comorbidities (FGIDs and obesity) in children with ASD on caregivers’ QoL.

Materials and methods. The study included 156 children divided into three groups: group 1 - 88 children with ASD and FGIDs; group 2 - 38 children with ASD, FGIDs, and obesity; group 3 - 30 children with isolated ASD, along with their caregivers. Caregivers’ QoL was assessed using the international Development of the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA), designed for parents of children aged 2-18 years with ASD, and consisting of two parts (assessment of general and specific QoL).

Results. Caregivers of children in the group 2 demonstrated the lowest general and specific QoL scores according to the QoLA. The most pronounced impairments were observed in emotional well-being, social support, and communication. A stable association was identified between the severity of ASD symptoms and caregivers’ QoL in children with somatic comorbidities.

Conclusions. Medical and social challenges in caring for children with ASD were identified, manifested by increased psychological burden, reduced social activity, and diminished family resources. The greatest impact of somatic comorbidity on QoL was observed among caregivers of children with ASD and additional somatic conditions, reflecting a multifactorial negative effect and underscoring the need for comprehensive support.

The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the paper. Informed consent was obtained from the children's guardians for the study.

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Characteristics of hemodynamics in cerebral vessels in non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages

2025-12-21T20:09:52+02:00

Aim - to characterize cerebral hemodynamic disturbances in newborns with intracranial non-traumatic hemorrhages (INTH) depending on the severity of the condition, in order to optimize treatment strategies for perinatal pathologies.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Azerbaijan Republician Perinatal Center. Neurosonography was performed on 800 full-term newborns within the first 24 hours of life, and on 192 preterm newborns depending on their condition: 50 infants on day 1, 99 - on day 3, 27 - on day 5, and 20 - on day 7. Using this method, the maximal systolic velocity (Vmax), minimal diastolic velocity (Vmin), and resistance index (RI) were measured. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was performed in Excel: the mean values and standard errors were calculated.

Results. Ventricular dilatation was recorded in 6 infants. In preterm infants (gestational age ≤36 weeks) with and without INTH, the Vmax in the anterior cerebral artery was 0.27±0.005 and 0.30±0.006 m/s, the Vmin was 0.007±0.001 and 0.009±0.001 m/s, and the mean flow velocity was 0.18±0.005 and 0.20±0.004 m/s, respectively, demonstrating statistically significant differences between the groups. Hemodynamics were comparatively slower in infants with INTH. The Vmin in the anterior cerebral artery differed significantly between preterm and full-term infants without INTH (0.09±0.01 and 0.10±0.02 m/s), with lower values in preterm infants. A similar pattern was found when comparing preterm and full-term infants with INTH (0.07±0.001 and 0.08±0.002 m/s). The mean flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery differed significantly between preterm infants with INTH (0.18±0.005 m/s) and without INTH (0.20±0.004 m/s). Comparable statistically significant differences were also observed between full-term infants with INTH (0.19±0.005 m/s) and without INTH (0.20±0.004 m/s).

Conclusion. In newborns with INTH, cerebral hemodynamics slow down proportionally to the severity of hemorrhage. The more severe the hemorrhage, the greater the hemodynamic delay. Therefore, large-scale neurosonographic screening of newborns in perinatal centers is essential.

The study complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee. The informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to participation.

The author declares no conflict of interest.

First manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in children

2025-12-21T20:21:19+02:00

Early clinical manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), in children are highly variable and often nonspecific, which complicates timely diagnosis. Analyzing initial symptoms is crucial for raising physician awareness and improving early detection of IBD.

Aim - to analyze the initial manifestations of IBD in children hospitalized in two leading clinical centers in Ukraine.

Materials and methods. The study included 333 children with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD, of whom 146 had CD and 187 had UC. A retrospective analysis of clinical data recorded in medical documentation was performed.

Results. The most common initial manifestations were gastrointestinal symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, and pathological stool findings. At the same time, a considerable proportion of patients presented with extraintestinal manifestations, which significantly delayed the diagnosis of IBD. Anemia was the primary symptom in 108 (31.8%) of children. Joint involvement was noted at disease onset in 34 (10.0%) of patients, and skin manifestations in 9 (2.7%). In 3 (0.9%) cases, the first symptom was fever of unknown origin. The nonspecific clinical picture, especially in patients with extraintestinal onset, often resulted in diagnostic delays and prolonged the time to specialized medical care.

Conclusions. A significant proportion of patients present with extraintestinal manifestations -including joint involvement, skin lesions, hematological abnormalities, fever of unknown origin, and other signs - highlighting the need for increased awareness among primary care physicians and the use of IBD screening (e.g., fecal calprotectin) in appropriate patients. Raising physician vigilance regarding the early signs of IBD, particularly extraintestinal manifestations, applying standardized diagnostic algorithms, and employing a multidisciplinary approach contribute to timely diagnosis and prevention of complications, which is crucial for prognosis and quality of life in children.

The study complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to participation.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Efficacy and safety of the medicine Bactek-MV130 in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children

2025-12-21T20:40:27+02:00

Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) in children remain one of the leading medical and social challenges of pediatric age. The high incidence contributes to a substantial burden on healthcare systems, frequent hospitalizations, the development of antibiotic resistance, and a decline in quality of life. Primary preventive measures include vaccination, hand hygiene, air quality control, nasal mucosa hydration, adequate nutrition, maintenance of optimal vitamin D levels, age-appropriate physical activity, hardening procedures, regular sleep, and mental well-being support. Despite these strategies, children with RRIs often require additional immunotherapeutic interventions.

Aim - to summarize current evidence on the efficacy and safety of the bacterial vaccine Bactek-MV130 for the prevention of RRIs in children.

A systematic review of scientific publications from 2010 to 2025 was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The analysis included the use of the bacterial vaccine Bactek-MV130. Bactek-MV130 is administered sublingually and contains inactivated bacterial components representing the most common respiratory pathogens. Clinical data demonstrate a significant reduction in the incidence of RRIs in both children and adults, along with shorter illness duration and reduced need for antibiotic therapy. Immunological studies indicate enhanced activation of innate defense mechanisms and the establishment of long-term immunological memory at the T-cell level. The drug exhibits a high safety profile. The sublingual route of administration allows simultaneous stimulation of mucosal and systemic immune responses, providing comprehensive preventive efficacy.

Conclusions. RRIs remain a prevalent pediatric condition requiring effective and safe preventive approaches. Analysis of current scientific data has shown that sublingual administration of Bactek-MV130 — two doses under the tongue once daily for three months — is an effective preventive strategy that reduces the frequency of respiratory infection recurrences by 68-80% and significantly reduce the need for antibiotic therapy. The drug demonstrates a favorable safety profile, is well tolerated across pediatric age groups, and can be integrated into comprehensive prevention programs for RRIs.

No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Epigenetic influence on the development of atopic dermatitis in children

2025-12-21T20:53:14+02:00

Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease, the pathogenesis of which is caused by mutations of genes encoding structural proteins of the epidermis, barrier enzymes, and their inhibitors. An important role is also played by genetic factors that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as the influence of environmental factors that cause the development of pathology.

The aim - to analyze modern scientific publications from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases covering the epigenetic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis development to identify the influence of DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA on the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as potential prospects for their use in the development of new ones.

Modern research emphasizes the importance of epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of this disease. The main mechanisms of epigenetic regulation are DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA activity. It has been established that the epigenetic profile of patients with atopic dermatitis differs significantly from that of healthy individuals. This applies to genes involved in the regulation of immune response and inflammation, in particular those that determine the balance between Th1- and Th2-dependent immune responses, as well as genes that ensure the functional integrity of the epidermal barrier.

The study of epigenetic mechanisms is a promising area for the development of new molecular classifications of atopic dermatitis and the introduction of personalized therapeutic approaches.

No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Primary cardiac tumors in early childhood

2025-12-21T21:14:10+02:00

Primary cardiac tumors in children represent a rare but potentially life-threatening pathology that requires a high level of clinical vigilance and a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment.

Aim - to analyze current data on the epidemiology, morphological types, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management principles of primary cardiac tumors in young children (early childhood).

Primary cardiac tumors in children are uncommon, yet they demonstrate significant clinical and morphological variability. This review analyzes epidemiological patterns, evaluates diagnostic methods with proven effectiveness (fetal and postnatal echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging), and outlines current approaches to surgical and conservative treatment. The article also highlights clinical scenarios where treatment decisions remain controversial due to the lack of standardized protocols.

Conclusions. Despite notable progress in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, several aspects of managing primary cardiac tumors in children - particularly in early childhood - require further investigation. Key priorities include risk stratification, comparative evaluation of therapeutic strategies, and the development of diagnostic algorithms to ensure more individualized and evidence-based care for this complex patient population.

No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Medical and social aspects of the impact of physical activity on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2025-12-21T21:50:50+02:00

Aim - to conduct a theoretical analysis of scientific sources that analyze the medical and social aspects of the impact of motor activity on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to analyze rehabilitation and educational and correctional programs that increase the effectiveness of motor actions.

There is a need to find non-drug means of correcting of ADHD. This is due to the increase in the number of children in this category. Motor activity is both a factor of physical development and an effective tool for influencing cognitive, emotional, social and behavioral functions, which increases its significance in modern medical, educational and social practice. The need for a systematic approach to the medical and social aspects of the impact of motor activity on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the analysis of rehabilitation, educational and correctional programs that increase the effectiveness of motor actions provides a holistic view of the medical, psychological and social factors of the impact of physical exercise. Comparison of international and national practices, content analysis for the processing of modern scientific publications, as well as generalization methods, allowed us to draw conclusions that regular motor activity of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (aerobic, coordination exercises) reduces the manifestations of hyperactivity, improves attention, memory and executive functions. Motor activity stabilizes the emotional state of children, reduces aggressiveness and anxiety, facilitates integration into the educational environment and promotes the development of communication skills. The inclusion of motor activity in complex programs creates a long-term therapeutic effect.

Motor activity is an effective means of reducing the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and social maladjustment. There is a need to combine motor activity with medication and cognitive-behavioral approaches, as well as to develop adapted programs for the Ukrainian educational and social context.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Modern instrumental methods for the diagnosis of cardiac pathology in paediatric practice

2025-12-21T22:15:07+02:00

In recent years, cardiovascular diseases have become one of the leading causes of illness in children and are characterised by specific clinical features, severe complications and a high rate of early disability, which poses a serious medical and social problem.

Aim - to analyze modern instrumental imaging methods used for the diagnosis of congenital and acquired diseases of the cardiovascular system in children, determine their diagnostic value, and justify the need for their use in pediatric practice for the early detection of cardiac pathology.

The article analyzes the indications for each of the diagnostic methods and determines their place in the protocol for the management of patients with specific cardiac disease. In recent years, cardiovascular diseases have ranked among the leading conditions affecting children. They are characterised by distinct clinical features, severe complications, and a high incidence of early disability, which poses a significant medical and social challenge.

Conclusions. Therefore, for the early detection and timely treatment of cardiac pathology in children, it is essential to utilise the full range of instrumental diagnostic methods, including both well-established and newly developed techniques.

No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

TLR7-associated primary pure red cell aplasia in a boy with multigenic modifiers

2025-12-21T22:37:01+02:00

Primary pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) in infants is a rare condition characterized by isolated suppression of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. In children, it most commonly has a viral or autoimmune origin; however, isolated cases are associated with primary genetically determined immune dysregulation. TLR7 mutations have infrequently been described as a key factor in the development of PRCA in early childhood. Expanded genetic analysis enables the detection of causative and concurrent variants, as well as mosaic structural chromosomal abnormalities that may modify the clinical phenotype and immune dysregulation.

Aim - to describe a clinical case of PRCA in a boy with a hemizygous TLR7 mutation, accompanying genetic modifiers, and immune dysregulation, including disproportion of lymphocyte subpopulations and marked hypogammaglobulinemia.

Clinical case. At 9 months of age, the boy first diagnosed with transfusion-dependent anemia accompanied by a severe decrease in reticulocytes, hepatosplenomegaly, and a strongly positive direct Coombs test without evidence of hemolysis. Bone marrow examination revealed a marked reduction of the erythroid lineage while overall cellularity was preserved. Lymphocyte analysis revealed normal total counts but a mild disproportion, with increased B cells and decreased T cells, while the CD4/CD8 ratio remained normal. Hypogammaglobulinemia detected without infectious manifestations, along with elevated liver enzymes. Genetic testing identified a hemizygous TLR7 mutation (p.His1038Tyr), concomitant heterozygous variants in SPTA1, TTC7A, HFE, FANCF, FANCM, as well as mosaic deletions in 9p23-p21.1 and 7p14.1-р14.1. The peripheral blood smear demonstrated ovalocytes, correlating with the SPTA1 variant. Treatment with prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, deferasirox led to a positive clinical and laboratory response.

Conclusions. The TLR7-mutated gene is a principal driver of PRCA, while accompanying genetic variants and mosaic deletions contribute to a polygenic, modified phenotype, influencing disease severity, erythrocyte morphology, and immune dysregulation, including disproportion of lymphocyte subpopulations and marked hypogammaglobulinemia. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive genetic and immunological evaluation in children with rare forms of PRCA.

The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.

Clinical masks of celiac disease in children: examples from practice

2025-12-21T22:58:08+02:00

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease, the basis of its pathogenesis is damage of the mucous membrane of the small intestine by gluten. The prevalence of celiac disease is steadily rising and occurs in both children and adults. Clinical manifestations of celiac disease can be typical, i.e. the development of diarrhea, steatorrhea, malabsorption, and atypical ones.

The aim: to deepen the knowledge of doctors about the polymorphism of clinical forms of celiac disease in children.

Clinical case. The article highlights three cases of atypical course of celiac disease and gluten-sensitive disease. Various clinical forms of gluten intolerance in children are shown, which were manifested by recurrent alopecia, persistent seborrhea, pronounced abdominal syndrome after taking a gluten-containing product in combination with rapid physical activity.

Conclusions. Іn addition to celiac disease, there are a number of that make their recognition complicated and delay their treatment. That is why timely clinical and laboratory diagnosis of gluten-sensitive diseases is important, and it allows us to recognize the disease on time, to prescribe treatment and thereby to optimize the prognosis.

The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.

No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Аcute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with Gaucher disease type 1 (сlinical сase)

2025-12-21T23:21:51+02:00

Aim - to investigate the features of the course of ALL in a child with GD1 and analyze the impact of both diseases on the clinical picture and the effectiveness of therapy.

This article presents a clinical case of the diagnosis and treatment GD1 and ALL in a five-year-old boy. The patient received enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with imiglucerase for GD1. The disease manifested with hemorrhagic syndrome, intoxication syndrome, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes. Hematological, cytological, immunological, and molecular-genetic studies were performed to establish the diagnosis. Treatment followed the ALL IC-BFM 2009 protocol, which included intensive chemotherapy complicated by thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, infectious and fungal complications, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Allergic reactions to L-asparaginase were also observed. Despite these complications, genetic polymorphism indicated a favorable therapeutic response and an optimistic prognosis.

A comprehensive approach to managing a child with GD1 and ALL, taking into account the specifics of both conditions, enabled the creation of an individualized treatment plan aimed at achieving remission and improving the patient’s quality of life. The child is currently in clinical and genetic remission.

The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent for the research was obtained from the child’s parents.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.