Особливості клінічного перебігу алергодерматозів у дітей (огляд літератури)

Abstract

The prevalence of allergic diseases is constantly growing around the world. According to WHO forecasts, most of the world's population will suffer from various allergies by 2050, at the same time any substance can be an allergen, and the XXI century will be the era of allergies. In the structure of allergic diseases in children the leading place is occupied by allergic skin lesions — allergic dermatoses, which are characterized by pronounced clinical polymorphism, acute or chronic stage with the development of concomitant pathological changes in many systems of the growing child's body. Allergic dermatoses are a large group of skin diseases, including: simple and allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, various forms of eczema, acute and chronic allergic urticaria, Quincke's edema, multiforme exudative erythema (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), acute epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), toxicodermias, as well as less common dermatoses, in the pathogenesis of which are leading allergic reactions.

Purpose — to describe clinical criteria for the differential diagnosis of allergodermatoses in children in order to increase its effectiveness.

Conclusions. Allergodermatoses in children are characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations, which depends on the specific nosology. There is a tendency to increase the frequency of allergic skin diseases in children, especially severe forms with recurrent course, resistant to traditional pharmacotherapy. Comprehensive detailed study of clinical manifestations of allergic dermatoses in children will contribute to the development of differential diagnostic criteria for allergic dermatoses in children, to verify accurate diagnosis and to prescribe the pathogenesis-based treatment for various allergic skin diseases in time.